[1] First published in German in 1986. The English translation was published in 1992. The 1992 edition of Beck’s publication will be used and referred to for the purposes of this essay.
Ulrich Beck, Risk Society: Towards a New Modernity (London: Sage Publications, 1992), p. 2
[2] ibid, p. 3
[3] ibid, p. 22
[4] Anthony Giddens, ‘Risk and Responsibility’, The Modern Law Review, 62:1 (January 1999), 1-10 (p.4); Also see, Anthony Giddens, ‘Risk Society: The Context of British Politics’, in The Politics of Risk Society, ed. by J. Franklin (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1998), pp. 23-34 (p. 27)
[5] Beck, Risk Society, p. 21
[6] ibid, p. 19
[7] ibid, p. 4
[8] Anthony Giddens, Runaway World (London: Profile Books, 2002), p. 26
[9] Ulrich Beck, Ecological Politics in an Age of Risk (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1995), p. 100
[10] Ulrich Beck, World Risk Society (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1999), p. 53; Also see Beck, Risk Society, p. 39
[11] Beck, Ecological Politics in an Age of Risk, p. 83
[12] Jean-Baptiste Fressoz, ‘ The Gas Lighting Controversy: Technological Risk, Expertise, and Regulation in Nineteenth-Century Paris and London’, Journal of Urban History, 33 (2007), 729-756
Also see: Wolfgang Schivelbusch, Disenchanted Night: The Industrialisation of Light in the Nineteenth Century (Oxford: Berg Publishers, 1988), pp. 27-37
[13] ibid, pp. 735-736
[14] Ulrich Beck, ‘The Reinvention of Politics: Towards a Theory of Reflexive Modernization’, in Reflexive Modernization: Politics, Tradition and Aesthetics in the Modern Social Order, ed. by U. Beck, A. Giddens and S. Lash (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1994), pp. 1-55 (p. 27)
Also see Beck, Risk Society, p. 101
[15] ibid, p. 736
[16] Beck, Risk Society, p. 4
[17] ibid, p. 4 and p. 169
[18] ibid, p. 29
[19] Nadja Durbach, Bodily Matters: The Anti-Vaccination Movement in England, 1853-1907 (London: Duke University Press, 2005)
[20] ibid, pp. 119-123
[21] Nadja Durbach, ‘Class, Gender, and the Conscientious Objector to Vaccination, 1898-19077’, Journal of British Studies, 41:1 (January 2002), 58-83 (p. 68)
[22] Durbach, Bodily Matters, p. 196
[23] Ulrich Beck, World Risk Society (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1999), p. 143
[24] Beck, Risk Society, pp. 19-21
[25] Durbach, Bodily matters, p.153
[26] Christopher Hamlin, A Science of Impurity: Water Analysis in Nineteenth Century Britain (Berkeley, University of California Press, 1990), pp. 73-99
[27] ibid, pp. 81-82
[28] ibid, pp. 73-99
[29] Beck, Risk Society, p. 183
[30] ibid, p. 21
[31] Beck, The Reinvention of Politics, p. 6
[32] ibid, pp. 19-21
[33] David Evans, A History of Nature Conservation in Britain (London: Routledge, 1992), pp. 21-22
[34] Henry E. Lowood, ‘The Calculating Forester: Quantification, Cameral Science, and the Emergence of Scientific Forestry Management in Germany’, in The Quantifying Spirit in the 18th Century, ed. by Tore Frängsmyr, J.L. Heilborn, and Robin E. Rider (Oxford: University of California Press, 1990), pp. 315-342 (p. 318)
[35] ibid, pp. 318-320
[36] ibid, pp. 319-322 and pp. 330-333
[37] Evans, A History of Nature Conservation in Britain, pp. 23-26
[38] ibid, p. 25
[39] ibid, pp. 26-27
[40] (Kenneth Boulding quoted in Chisholm 1972), ibid, p. 28
[41] ibid, p. 39
[42] ibid, p. 36
[43] ibid, p. 36-37
[44] Fressoz, The Gas Lighting Controversy, p. 750
[45] Fressoz, The Gas Lighting Controversy, p. 731; Durbach, Bodily Matters, pp. 199–207; Hamlin, A Science of Impurity, pp. 299-306